hodgkin |What Is Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma?

What Is Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma?

The DEFINITION of the
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is a group of malignancy (cancer) of the system and lymph nodes are usually spread throughout the body. Some of the lymphoma is growing very slowly (in some years), while others spread rapidly (within a few months). The disease is more common than with Hodgkin's disease.

The CAUSE of the
The cause is unknown, but evidence shows a connection with the virus that still has yet to be identified. A type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma that develops quickly associated with infection due to HTLV-I (human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I), a retrovirus that resembles HIV causes AIDS its function.

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma may be a complication of AIDS.

SYMPTOMS
The early symptoms can be recognized is the enlargement of the lymph nodes in one place (e.g., neck or groin) or throughout the body. The gland is enlarged vertically and usually does not cause pain.

Sometimes pembesstsn lymph nodes in tonsils (tonsillectomy) ingest cause interference. Enlargement of the lymph nodes in the chest or abdomen can suppress various organs and cause:
-respiratory disorders
-decreased appetite
-severe constipation
-abdominal pain
-swelling of limbs.

If Lymphoma spreads to the blood leukemia can occur. Lymphoma and leukemia have many similarities. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma are more likely to spread to the bone marrow, gastrointestinal tract and skin. In children, symptoms are initially is the entry to the lymphoma cells in bone marrow, blood, skin, intestines, brain and spine; Instead the enlargement of the lymph nodes. This causes lymphoma cell Masulknya anmeia, skin rashes and neurological symptoms (such as weakness and abnormal sensations).

Usually an enlarged lymph glands are inside, which causes:
-collection of fluid around the lungs so that the embossing shortness of breath
-the emphasis of the intestines which decrease appetite or vomiting
-blockage of the lymph nodes so a buildup of fluids.

DIAGNOSIS
To do a biopsy of the lymph nodes to enforce a diagnosis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease or distinguishes it from other diseases that cause enlargement of the lymph nodes.

Determine non-Hodgkin's lymphoma staging.
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma are grouped based on microscopic appearance of lymph nodes and types of lymphocytes (lymphocytes T or B lymphocytes).

One of the grouping that is used connect the cell types and prognosis is:
-Lymphoma low level, have a good prognosis
Lymphoma-intermediate level, have a prognosis that is being
-High level of Lymphoma, have a poor prognosis.

At the time of undiagnosed, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma typically already widespread; only about 10-30% which still is localized (only about one part of the body). To determine the extent of the disease and the number of networks of lymphoma, usually done a CT scan of abdominal and pelvic skening gallium or done.

TREATMENT

Some penderit can experience the healing of the total, while the other survivors must undergo lifelong treatment. The possibility of healing or a long life expectancy depends on the type of lymphoma and stadkum diseases at the time treatment begins. Usually the kind that comes from the lymphocytes T did not provide the response as good as B lymphocytes.

Healing figures also declining on:

-sufferers who are above 60 years old

-Lymphoma that has already spread to the whole body

-sufferers have a tumor (collection of cells Lymphoma) is great

-a sufferer of functionality is limited by severe weakness and inability to move.

The sufferer on early stage (stage I and II) are often treated with therapies limited shines on the side of lymphoma and surrounding areas. Therapy is usually not a very low-grade Lymphoma, cure but can prolong the life expectancy of sufferers until the 5-8 years.

Therapy shines on intermediate lymphoma usually prolongs the life expectancy of sufferers until the 2-5 years, whereas on a high level of lymphoma just 6 months to 1 year. If it starts as soon as possible, the granting of chemotherapy with or without therapy shines on Lymphoma intermediate and high levels, can heal more than half of its victims.

Most of the sufferers had already reached an advanced stage (stage III and IV) disease undiagnosed at the time. Sufferers of low-grade Lymphoma may not require treatment immediately, but had to undergo an examination as often as possible to make sure that disease does not cause serious complications.

Chemotherapy is done on intermediate Lymphoma sufferers. High levels of lymphoma sufferers require intensive chemotherapy immediately because the disease is growing rapidly.

There are several very effective chemotherapy dosage. Chemotherapy drugs can be given a single (for lymphoma low level) or in the form of combination (for lymphoma intermediate and high level). Administering chemotherapy accompanied by growth factors and bone marrow transplant is still in the research phase.

A new treatment that is still in the research are monoclonal antibodies that have been combined with toxins, which have toxins (e.g. radioactive compounds or plant protein called ricin), which stuck to the antibody. These antibodies in particular will stick to the lymphoma cells and release of materials their toxicity, which will further kill the lymphoma cells.

In a bone marrow transplant, bone marrow of sufferers (and limfomanya cells discarded) or from the appropriate donor and grafted to the sufferer. This procedure allows doing blood counts, which reduced due to high-dose chemotherapy, allowing healing to take place more quickly. The most effective bone marrow transplant performed on sufferers aged under 55 years of age and can cure about 30-50% of sufferers who show no improvements against the granting of chemotherapy.

But a bone marrow transplant has risks, about 5% of the sufferers died of the infection in the first week, before bone marrow is improving and could produce enough white blood cells to fight infection. Bone marrow transplant is also being attempted in sufferers initially giving good response against chemotherapy but are at high risk of occurrence of recurrences.